Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay Essay Example

Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay As I sit following to my sister. Natalie. she appears disheartened as she tells the account that began her hard excursion of covering with a belly to-burial place malady. As she portrays it. â€Å"At the juvenile age of 13. at the point when my sweethearts were accepting about a moving toward 1950s-classification sock jump. I ended up in a Milwaukee back support to deal with an ebb and flow of my spinal segment called scoliosis. The support keeps the spinal segment for all intents and purposes fixed. It held my caput in union with metal bars. clear down to a plastic cast over my hips. I wore the support for two mature ages and the childs in my school would ask on the off chance that I had been in a car wreck. We will compose a custom article test on Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer I thusly began secondary school in new Nike tennis spots and the cumbersome metal support. At the point when I was a sophomore. I built up a horrible digestive tract redness scene which the doctor thought was bacterial looseness of the bowels. It was abominable. furthermore, little did I realize this was the beginning of a progression of occupations that are all bit of a ceaseless ailment. Around two hebdomads in this manner. I created difficult puffiness in my correct articulatio sort. It was horrible bounty to require remotion of a surprisingly enormous entirety of synovial liquid. A couple yearss after the correct articulatio family appeared to retouch. the left articulatio sort expand. A similar structure proceeded for the accompanying a few mature ages and the doctors said it was simply joint inflammation. I so built up an oculus contamination called iritis in my correct oculus. It was awful to such an extent that it required every day cortisone infusions for 10 yearss. oculus globules and resting in complete murkiness. For the accompanying four mature ages. I encountered horrible hip ( sacroiliac ( SI ) harming that made strolling hard. A pelvic X beam was taken. which demonstrated merger in one of the SI explanations. I was tried and discovered positive for the HLAB27 cistron. The rheumatologist changed the diagnosing from joint pain to an unequivocal Ankylosing Spondylitis which is a weakening. agonizing ailment. without a cure. that would proceed to decrease for an incredible duration and would undoubtedly terminal with me disabled and in a wheelchair† ( Rasmussen. 2010 ) Ankylosing Spondylitis ( AS ) is a merciless. familial ailment that makes life extremely difficult and hard for those influenced by it. AS influences each piece numerous as 2. 4 million individuals in the US today. which is more than different induration. cystic fibrosis and Lou Gehrig’s sickness consolidated. Researchers are by and by attempting to occur out what this illness is. how it is contracted. what's more, what should be possible to help the individuals who have AS pull off their stinging. keep away from farther real mischief and ideally happen a cure. Pathophysiology: Ankylosing Spondylitis Ankylosing Spondylitis ( AS ) is an interminable provocative joint pain and an immune system sickness. An immune system infection is the point at which the body’s normal safe framework. that should battle against sources or remote cells that enter your natural structure. misidentify its ain sound cells as being encroachers and attack them. This can affect any segment of the natural structure or numerous pieces of the natural structure at a similar clasp. In the occasion of Ankylosing Spondylitis. the insusceptible framework assaults its ain cells doing joint pain of the spinal section. sacroiliac ( hip ) enunciations and can do redness of the eyes. lungs. furthermore, chest valves. It differs from discontinuous scenes of back harming that happen all through life to a horrendous constant malady that assaults the spinal segment. fringe enunciations and other natural structure assortment meats. following in horrible verbalization and back solidness. loss of signal and mutation as life headways. Signs and side effects The get bringing down physical characteristics of AS regularly begin to glance in late pre-adulthood or early development ( ages 17-35 ) . be that as it may, the side effects can occur in more youthful children or a lot further down the road each piece great. The main manifestations of AS can remember visit harming and firmness for the lower dorsum and natess. also, side effects semen on a tiny bit at a time over the class of a couple of hebdomads or months. From the start. awkwardness may just be felt on one side. or on the other hand substitute sides. The stinging is ordinarily dull and diffuse. rather than confined. This stinging and firmness is ordinarily more awful in the forenoons and during the dull. in any case, might be improved by a warm shower or light working out. Other than. in the early periods of AS. there might be gentle febrility. loss of appetency and general awkwardness. Numerous individuals with AS other than experience inside redness and iritis or uveitis ( redness of the eyes ) . Around one tierce of individuals with AS will see redness of the oculus in any event one time. Indications of iritis or uevitis are: Eye ( s ) going excruciating. watery. bronzed and people may see obscured vision and affectability to brilliant noticeable radiation ( Van der Linden S. 2009 ) . Changing degrees of exhaustion may other than result from the redness brought about by AS. The natural structure must use overabundance vitality to cover with the redness. accordingly doing exhaustion. Mellow to seat pallor. may result from the redness. which can loan to a general sentiment of weakness. In a minority of people. the stinging does non get down in the lower dorsum. in any case, in a fringe verbalization, for example, the hip. mortise joint. cubitus. articulatio family. heel or shoulder. This stinging is regularly brought about by enthesitis. which is the redness of the site where a tendon or ligament connects to pack. Irritation and harming in fringe explanations is progressively regular in adolescents with AS. This can be perplexing since. without the prompt nearness of back harming. AS may resemble some other signifier of joint inflammation. AS is more typical in juvenile work powers than in grown-up females. Commonly. 1 of every 200 work powers have AS. while 1 of every 500 grown-up females have the infection. The indications or type of the malady are distinctive in grown-up females. Citing Dr. Elaine Adams. â€Å"Women as often as possible present in somewhat more untypical way so it’s much harder to do the diagnosings in grown-up females. For representation. some grown-up females with AS have expressed that their indications began in the cervix rather than in the lower back† ( Adams. 2010 ) . The stinging normally becomes persistent ( interminable ) . is felt on the two sides. also, goes on for in any event three months. Over the class of months or mature ages. the solidness and harming can circulate up the spinal section and into the cervix. Torment and delicacy spreading to the ribs. shoulder bones. hips. thighs and heels is conceivable each piece great. Progressed AS wiped out people at long last experience inadequacy of spinal versatility because of spinal merger. Spinal merger happens when mischief to the joint and environing bone makes Ca develop up which acts like a concrete to keep up the castanetss from crunching together. Combination wipes out the stinging brought about by the castanetss crunching together. be that as it may, makes the confusion of restricted flexibleness or permanence. Conclusion There is no immediate preliminary to name AS. A clinical examination and X-beam [ gt ; 0 ] surveies of the spinal section. are the major demonstrative devices. A downside of X-beam diagnosing is that imprints and side effects of AS have typically been set up each piece long as 8â€10 mature ages earlier for adjustments to be seen on a field film X-beam. which implies a hold of each piece long as 10 mature ages before equivalent treatments and mediations can be presented. Choices for prior diagnosing are tomography [ gt ; 1 ] and attractive reverberation imaging [ gt ; 2 ] ( MRI ) of the sacroiliac enunciations. in any case, the steadfastness of these preliminaries is still not well characterized. Other than. X-ray can be cost prohibitory ( Thomas E. 1998. pp. 343-7 ) . A physical examination by a doctor or rheumatologist is fundamental in acceptably naming AS. The investigation would infer searching for destinations of redness. also, look intoing for harming and delicacy along the dorsum. pelvic castanetss. sacroiliac enunciations. chest and heels. Different side effects and indexs are other than taken into history. counting a background marked by iritis or uveitis ( redness of the oculus ) . a past filled with GI contaminations ( for delineation. the nearness of Crohn’s Disease or ulcerative fiery inside sickness ) . a family history of AS. each piece great as exhaustion because of the nearness of redness. The Schober’s preliminary [ gt ; 3 ] is an utile clinical advance of flexure of the lumbar spinal section performed during investigation. Ankylosing Spondylitis is viewed as a familial infection and surveies have connected AS with a familial marker called HLA-B27. In any case. demonstrating positive for this marker is non a warrant that an individual will get the ailment. Roughly 90 % of AS patients convey the HLA-B27 marker yet 10 % who show AS malady highlights do non. The relationship among AS and HLA-B27 fluctuates in various social and racial gatherings. 95 % of individuals in the Caucasic populace who have AS preliminary HLA-B27 positive. Be that as it may. just 50 % of African American patients with AS have HLA-B27 marker. In this way. 5 % of Caucasians and 50 % of African Americans who have AS do non transport the HLA-B27 marker. In 2007. a synergistic endeavor by a global crew of examination laborers in the U. K. . Australia and the United States prompted the find of two cistrons. ARTS1 and IL23R [ gt ; 4 ] . that other than add to the reason for AS. The discoveries were distributed in the November 2007 release of Nature Genetics. a journal that underscores research on the familial foo

Cuba :: essays research papers

End Despite the fact that it's prompt impact is for the most part representative, U.S./Cuba strategy in 1998 mirrors a positive move in perspectives among the pioneers of Cuba and the U.S. Many would contend that lone the lifting of the ban totally would fill in as recovery for a delude American international strategy. And afterward once more, numerous others would contend that conditioning the details of the ban just further reinforces the Castro system. The discussion is a long way from being done and the arrangement is exceptionally hazy, however there absolutely are unmistakable markers that we can suggest and construct presumptions. One, is the developing worldwide commercial center. This driver goes about as a facilitator of change by rousing the people and pioneers of Cuba and the U.S. to look for connections outside of their prompt outskirts. The U.S. remains as the solitary holdout in the developing number of nations connected to Cuba through exchange connections. We are compelled by the WTO, GATT, OAS, Mercursor, FTA, and a developing number of territorial and worldwide exchange associations to permit some type of exchange relationship with Cuba. Not that the U.S. is against one-sided activities, yet restricted to unhindered commerce - not likely. There is a developing masses of organizations inside the U.S. that are campaigning for exchange with Cuba. They wish to investigate Cuba for oil, use it's talented workforce, and open inns. Sadly, on account of local issues, the present U.S. organization stands weak to additionally change our arrangement in Cuba. As Presidents have progressively connected international strategy with exchange on the bi-factional lev el, we can hope to see a continuation of this pattern. Second, Time. The Cold War is finished and gradually the injuries are vanishing. No longer does Cuba speak to an ideological or military danger to the U.S.. Embargoes are executed and kept up in nations that dread military assault. With Castro's waning assets and progressively more modest number of warriors, most would agree that Cuba speaks to no danger to the U.S.. Another capacity of time can be seen in the number of inhabitants in Miami, were most of Cubans are currently American conceived. These American conceived Cubans have never lived in Cuba, nor have they encountered any feature of the transformation direct. They have coordinated into American culture and have no malevolence towards Fidel Castro. Third, Communication and Travel. A year ago, the travel industry put $1 billion dollars in the hands of Cuban entrepreneurs. Voyagers, even American, have been running to the beautiful island in record numbers. Cuba :: expositions explore papers End Despite the fact that it's prompt impact is generally representative, U.S./Cuba strategy in 1998 mirrors a positive move in mentalities among the pioneers of Cuba and the U.S. Many would contend that solitary the lifting of the ban totally would fill in as reclamation for a delude American international strategy. And afterward once more, numerous others would contend that conditioning the details of the ban just further reinforces the Castro system. The discussion is a long way from being done and the arrangement is hazy, yet there surely are conspicuous markers that we can insinuate and manufacture presumptions. One, is the developing worldwide commercial center. This driver goes about as a facilitator of change by motivating the people and pioneers of Cuba and the U.S. to look for connections outside of their quick fringes. The U.S. remains as the solitary holdout in the developing number of nations connected to Cuba through exchange connections. We are forced by the WTO, GATT, OAS, Mercursor, FTA, and a developing number of provincial and universal exchange associations to permit some type of exchange relationship with Cuba. Not that the U.S. is against one-sided activities, yet restricted to organized commerce - not likely. There is a developing masses of organizations inside the U.S. that are campaigning for exchange with Cuba. They wish to investigate Cuba for oil, use it's gifted workforce, and open lodgings. Shockingly, as a result of residential issues, the present U.S. organization stands feeble to additionally change our approach in Cuba. As Presidents have progressively connected international strategy with exchange on the bi-facti onal level, we can hope to see a continuation of this pattern. Second, Time. The Cold War is finished and gradually the injuries are vanishing. No longer does Cuba speak to an ideological or military danger to the U.S.. Embargoes are actualized and kept up in nations that dread military assault. With Castro's diminishing assets and progressively more modest number of officers, most would agree that Cuba speaks to no danger to the U.S.. Another capacity of time can be seen in the number of inhabitants in Miami, were most of Cubans are currently American conceived. These American conceived Cubans have never lived in Cuba, nor have they encountered any feature of the insurgency direct. They have incorporated into American culture and have no hostility towards Fidel Castro. Third, Communication and Travel. A year ago, the travel industry put $1 billion dollars in the hands of Cuban entrepreneurs. Sightseers, even American, have been rushing to the beautiful island in record numbers.

15 Creative Classroom Ideas for Back-to-School

15 Creative Classroom Ideas for Back-to-School Transform your classroom into a welcoming space with these creative ideas! We love looking at our Instagram feed to see the amazing things teachers are doing in their classrooms, and we all know this is the truth: A post shared by @inspire_teachers on Jul 3, 2017 at 3:59pm PDT If you're one of the many teachers who puts their own time and money into transforming a bare classroom into a place students will actually enjoy, get a little back-to-school inspiration from your fellow educators below.   1. This delightful globe from @coryharrisart: A post shared by C O R Y • H A R R I S • TAYLOR (@coryharrisart) on Jun 16, 2017 at 6:43pm PDT   2. How about the Harry Potter-themed door shared by @theengagingstation: A post shared by Staci Lamb (@theengagingstation) on Apr 19, 2017 at 5:03pm PDT   3. Who wouldn't want to sit down with a book in @me_my_class_and_i's room? A post shared by Rachel minns (@me_my_class_and_i) on Jul 8, 2017 at 11:43pm PDT   4. Maybe this is the year to try out @thecolorfulteacher's flexible seating options: A post shared by Michelle Weiss (@thecolorfulteacher) on Jun 28, 2017 at 6:23am PDT   5. Have fun with emoji like @hansonsworksofheart: A post shared by Mrs. Hanson (@worksof_heart) on May 29, 2016 at 4:53am PDT   6. Taco about books like @hello_jessimarie: A post shared by ? Hello Jessi (@hello_jessimarie) on Jun 29, 2017 at 3:29pm PDT   7. Follow @talesfromaverybusyteacher's lead and get students into the growth mindset: A post shared by Marine Freibrun (@talesfromaverybusyteacher) on Jul 10, 2017 at 8:23am PDT   8. If you have windows, @causeya's curtains create a nice homey vibe: It was a productive day in room 310. I have finished building the tables, but I was feeling the decor today. #freshmen #iteach pic.twitter.com/tWBvkxmqdR â€" Amy Causey (@causeya) July 5, 2017   9. Get colorful like @cassie_stephenz did. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Cassie Stephens (@cassie_stephenz) on Sep 21, 2018 at 7:34am PDT   10. Hit up your local Target like @maestra_in_3rd: A post shared by Mary Teaches 3rd (@maestra_in_3rd) on Jul 10, 2017 at 3:34pm PDT   11. Bravo to @polkadotspencilsandteal's Bravo Board: A post shared by Mrs. Miller (@polkadotspencilsandteal) on Jul 3, 2017 at 11:17am PDT   12. Encourage students with @headoverheelsforteaching's Reward Board: A post shared by Joanne Miller (@headoverheelsforteaching) on Jul 7, 2017 at 3:30pm PDT   13. Get to know your new students with a book recommendation tree like @lessonswithlaughter: A post shared by Molly Maloy (@lessonswithlaughter) on Aug 11, 2016 at 9:41am PDT   14. Re-create @teachwithsparkle's All-Star doorway idea: A post shared by TeachWithSparkle (@teachwithsparkle) on Jul 13, 2017 at 6:49am PDT   15. Set up a teacher/team website like this one by @maniacsinthemiddle: A post shared by Maniacs In The Middle (@maniacsinthemiddle) on Jul 12, 2017 at 9:27am PDT   What Back-to-School ideas are you most excited to use in your classroom? Tag us in your classroom pictures on Instagram or email them to social[at]teachervision.com to be featured! Find more resources for the first day of school here. Connect with us! Follow TeacherVision on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter,Pinterest, and Google+.

Feminism A Woman Standing Up For Her Gender - 2447 Words

The word feminist can be though of in many ways. Some people can hear the word in a positive way, and think of it as a woman standing up for her gender’s rights. Other people can think of it in a negative way, as a woman who is too high strung and opinionated. The word feminist is actually a female who has opinions on the way her sex is treated. Modern feminism will be discussed, along with using some examples such as Susan B. Anthony. As to the history of feminism, the beginning will be with what is called the â€Å"Feminist Revolution† (Rappaport 28). This revolution began in 1837 in New York. Women banded together for the first time at an anti-slavery convention. These women were considered â€Å"abolitionists† after being humiliated at a conference in Britain for being unladylike. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. This conference demanded woman suffrage, equality for wives, and the right to practice any profession they chose. Some feminists include Elizabeth Blackwell, Sojourner Truth, Emma Willard, Frances Wright, Mrs. Stanton, Ms. Mott, Mrs. Adams, and Susan B. Anthony. A brief moment should be spent on a few of the notable women. It started with Emma Willard; she opened up the door for girls to get the same education as boys. She opened schools for females only. Following her is Elizabeth Blackwell. Ms. Blackwell pushed open the doors for women to be professionals. She becameShow MoreRelatedFeminist Theory And Gender Inequality1731 Words   |  7 PagesFeminist theory analyzes the gender inequality that women have faced throughout the years due to a patriarchal society. Women were expected to fit the traditional female and conform to the gender norms that society has constructed. According to A Brief Introduction to Critical Theory, â€Å"Feminism embodies a way of reading that investigates the text’s investment in or reaction to the patriarchal power structures that have dominated Western culture† (227). Patriarchal power has oppressed women economicallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Sarah M. Evans Article, Sons Daughters And Patriarchy : Gender And The 1968 Generation Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesSecond-Wave Feminism and despite it beginning towards the end of the decade and continuing well into the seventies, it still had a prominent impact on the counter-culture of the 60s. In Sarah M. Evans article â€Å"Sons, Daughters and Patriarchy: Gender and the 1968 Generation,† Evans focuses primarily on the year 1968 and analyses the international gender norm crisis that occurred in both sexes, male and female. In doing so, Evans successfully convinces her audience that 1968 was the year that gender dynamicsRead MoreFeminism : A Woman Mother Of Two Boys Lived On Of A Farmer755 Words   |  4 Pagesis not just Emma Watson standing up for feminism in Hollywood but many voices are being said but not being heard. Celebrities are not the only ones who are speaking out about how and Watson’s speech or the he fishy campaign has changed their life or the movement. But normal people have spoken up about their experiences of feminism. In an article from the Telegraph a woman mother of two boys lived on of a farm. Before the speech she never really considered herself a feminism then when she had a speechRead MoreFeminism And Gender Equality And Equity Based On Gender1060 Words   |  5 Pagespeople are often misinformed or given bad first impressions of feminism. However, feminism is equal rights for all people of different race, sex, gender, and sexuality. Many of the people that give feminism a bad name, include a self-proclaimed feminist that is running for presidency, and meninists who are satirical equal rights activists. In reality, feminism is pro-gender equality and opportunities for all types of people. Feminism is the belief that people of all different backgrounds should beRead MorePatriarchy Is Not A Recipe For Happiness1618 Words   |  7 Pagesfeminist movement taught women to see themselves as victims of an oppressive patriarchy....Self-imposed victimhood is not a recipe for happiness.† - Phyllis Schlafly For the majority of human history, man has ruled over the entire human population. Feminism has always been looked down upon. Even women look down on other women for calling themselves the f word, a Feminist. Where did these ideals come from, and how have they become so deeply entrenched in our society? How long can we go on like thisRead MoreThe Foundation Of Emma Watson s Career1328 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Harry Potter films where she auditioned eight times for the role and her determination was highly visible. She was shown as a very intelligent girl and from this became the face of someone who challenged conformity and stereotypes. People see Emma as a very successful person as she’s established an outstanding acting career, earned a university degree and advocated a motivational campaign which brings feminism and gender equality to life for everyone to see and hopefully make a change. As wellRead More The Variety of Feminisms and their Contributions to Gender Equality by Judith Lorber1120 Words   |  5 Pagesfeministic theorems. As Judith Lorber wrote in her article, The Variety of Feminisms and their Contributions to Gender Equality feminist denominations arose from different views, making many contributions to improve women’s status. Lorber discusses the views of, â€Å"gender reform feminisms, gender resistant feminisms, and gender revolution feminisms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (1) etcetera, all which have fought to improve women’s rights. Though there are many different aspects of viewing feminism, writer and contributor of owl.purdueRead MoreGender Roles in â€Å"The Lottery† In the short story â€Å"The Lottery,† Shirley Jackson shows apparent1300 Words   |  6 PagesGender Roles in â€Å"The Lottery† In the short story â€Å"The Lottery,† Shirley Jackson shows apparent gender roles where women have little to no say with decisions and arrangements. The women in the story are portrayed as mediocre to the men of the village. This is mainly shown by there not being a single dominant female character throughout the story. Not only is the social standing of the women lower, they are not treated with the respect that women deserve. The women are shown as so insignificant thatRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagesidentity constructed on principles of â€Å"essential feminism.† Ultimately, Gay arrives at the conclusion that narrowly constructed and rigidly defined fundamentals or â€Å"essentials† of feminism conflict with the complexities of womanhood and lead to an inauthentic (and unacceptable) identity. Gay advocates that gender must be considered and embraced in context of other narratives (race, ability, sexuality). Gay is focused on feminist identity, but her ideas are also pertinent to the broader questionRead MoreStrong, Influential Women Like Elizabeth Cady Stanton And Susan B. Anthony Women985 Words   |  4 Pagesembodiment of feminism at its finest. They, along with many other men and women, fought for equality between men and women. However, to many people feminism is representative of man-hating, excuse-making, manly women who play the victim to gain advantage over men. This negative image of feminism prevents both men and women from fulfilling their potential, but if people removed that barrier and accomplished feminism’s objective then men and women would be empowered to rise above gender stereotypes

Funeral Blues - 1560 Words

In the poem â€Å"Funeral Blues,† W.H. Auden’s choice of diction allows the reader a greater understanding of the intensity and depth of feeling experienced upon the loss of a loved one. Likewise, the symbolism used by the poet pulls us into the actual world of the grief stricken as he searches for ways to mourn this passing. Auden’s choice of diction here was used to drawn the reader into the emotional disrepair felt by the afflicted. He shortens sentences and uses comparisons to the destruction left behind after the passing. â€Å"The stars are not wanted now: put out every one; Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun.† He is using these types of phrases to show us just how significant the death was. By using such statements as, â€Å"Stop all the†¦show more content†¦To show the God-like significance his partner was in his life, he uses â€Å"He† with a capital; there is also emphasis on the three heavy monosyllables that creates a morose feel to the end of the line. The writer then expresses that all peace has now gone and is blemished and weighed down with death by referring to â€Å"crepe bows around the white necks of the public doves†. Auden continues to describe the inconsequentiality of the rest of the world as he pushes himself away from his life: â€Å"Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves.† The third stanza of Our Love Now is different from the other two; instead of using metaphors related to everyday life he starts to explore his pain deeper by directly referring to how the loss of his partner will effect him, using metaphors of cosmic significance: â€Å"He was my North, my South, my East and West† To describe how life cannot go on without his beloved and how everything in his life is a reminder of pain, the writer expresses how every aspectof himself was associated with his partner: â€Å"My working week and my Sunday rest, My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song† The last line of the stanza ends in â€Å"I was wrong†, which, similarly to â€Å"He is dead†, gives a sense of finality to the flow of speech by the use of heavy monosyllables; this live also references to love not lasting forever, concurring with the idea that the poem is about an end to a relationship, not a genuine dea th. The final stanza depictsShow MoreRelatedFuneral Blues.1483 Words   |  6 Pagesatypical metaphor of a dog and a bone. To exemplify the way he feels his life has ended, he then uses metaphors associated with a funeral: Silence the pianos and with a muffled drum Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come. To show the end of happiness and the start of mourning, the writer includes the silencing of the pianos and then low thudding drums used at funeral to describe the phenomenal sadness he feels now the relationship is over. He includes the metaphor coffin to either represent hisRead More The Mood in Funeral Blues by W.H. Auden Essays992 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mood in Funeral Blues by W.H. Auden The poem, Funeral Blues, by W.H. Auden tells about a persons grief and is successful in creating a very sad and depressing mood. This is achieved by the poets use of language, word choice and sentence structure. The way in which the author describes his feeling - along with the use of rhythm and rhyme - was created in a very effective way which made it clear to the reader. In the first stanza the depressing mood is createdRead More Death in Auden’s Funeral Blues, Forche’s Memory of Elena, and Dickinson’s Last Night that She lived1678 Words   |  7 PagesDeath Reflected in Auden’s Funeral Blues, Forche’s Memory of Elena, and Dickinson’s Last Night that She lived Death is a natural and inevitable part of life. Everyone will experience death, whether it is of a loved one or oneself. In W.H. Auden’s poem â€Å"Funeral Blues† (1003), he describes such a catastrophic event and the drastic effect that it has on his life. It is interesting how people choose to accept this permanent and expected event, death. Similarly, Emily Dickinson has writtenRead More Funeral Blues by W.H. Auden Essay770 Words   |  4 Pages W.H. Auden wrote the poem, â€Å"Funeral Blues†. Wystan Hugh Auden (1907-1973) was born in York, England, and later became and American citizen. Auden was the founder for a generation of English poets, such as C. Day Lewis, and Stephen Spender. Auden’s earlier works were composed of a Marxist outlook with a knowledge of Freudian Psychology. Later works consisted of professing Christianity, and what he considered â€Å"increasing conservatism†. In 1946 Auden emigrated and became an American citizen. WhileRead MoreAlliteration In W. H. Audens Funeral Blues736 Words   |  3 PagesNothing beautiful in this world brings light to his life now, ever since his brother’s spirit left the earth. Death is a tragic event in anyone’s life, and poet W.H Auden expresses his feelings of hopelessness in the poem, â€Å"Funeral Blues.† This poem expresses the feelings of misery and depression after a loved one dies, and promotes the idea to not get fooled by love because it never lasts- once it’s gone, nothing is meaningful anymore. Auden uses alliteration, imagery, and metaphors to express theRead MoreReflection Of Funeral Blues By W. H. Auden819 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem ‘Funeral Blues’ starts out with a somber tone by way of the speaker being devastated because of what seems to be the recent death of a loved one. The speaker is very distraught with the death and is going through the process of preparing for a funeral. Throughout this piece the narrator is going through what seems to be a grieving period and through the use of imagery and tone, W.H. Auden shows the devastating effects that the death of a loved one has on those left behind. In the firstRead MoreFuneral Blues And Mid-Term Break By W. H. Auden711 Words   |  3 Pagesbut both inevitable. Both Seamus Heaney in his poem Mid-Term Break and W.H. Auden in his poem Funeral Blues explore the theme of death and how they dealt with the grief after losing someone they love, but both delved into it in different ways. They talk about the anger, shock and the feeling of emptiness after losing someone. In the poem mid-term break the poet captures the atmosphere in a funeral in a subtle, sensitive and observatory manner. The title is misleading, it implies that the poemRead MoreGa Tribe in Ghana2279 Words   |  9 Pageshand in the creation of the coffins. The fantastic nature of these objects fit in with the traditions attached to Ga funerals. Although there is a sense of mystery surrounding the fantasy coffins, their role in Ga society and their funeral traditions cannot be ignored. The history of figurative objects and the carpenters attributed to them are extremely important to Ga funerals. The people of Ga are located in southeast Ghana. They are divided into six towns: Accura, Labadi, Nunga, Osu, TemaRead MoreHow Effectively Does the Poet Convey Aspects of Change in ‘Funeral Blues’?625 Words   |  3 PagesHow effectively does the poet convey aspects of change in ‘Funeral Blues’? ‘Funeral Blues’ by W. H. Auden is a poem is about death and grief. It was originally written as a satirical poem about the death of a politician, though was later edited to become solemn. The poet effectively conveys aspects of change, such as the human condition in relation to the experience of loss. This is conveyed through tone, metaphors, imagery and anaphora. The aspect of the human condition and our response toRead MoreChinese Views on Death and Dying Burial Techniques, Rituals and Beliefs of the Common Man2718 Words   |  11 Pagesthroughout Chinese history, including an ideogram that depicts a person kneeling in front of their ancestors bones 1. In Chinese culture, death rites are intricate and well thought out works on preparing one for the afterlife and rebirth. Chinese funeral rites have strict guidelines as to where the rites are to be performed, how the rites are performed (ritual bathing of the corpse), the dress of the attendees and the dead, the transfer of material goods on Earth to the dead, acknowledgement of the

Tourism to Hong Kong Free Essays

string(118) " 1 shows that the USA, UK, Japan and Singapore are among the source markets that generate most tourists to Hong Kong\." 1. 0 Introduction Hong Kong is one of the most important tourism destinations in the Pacific Asia region for its unique landscape and shopping convenience. According to statistics, a total number of 41921310 people visited Hong Kong in 2011, that is 16. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism to Hong Kong or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4% more compared to 2010 (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012). Total tourism expenditure was 263142. 71 million HK dollars and shopping accounts for most of them because it is the main purpose for individual visitors (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012). Therefore, to sustain tourism prosperity while seeking development in the city, it is necessary to understand its unique geographical features and precisely examine the tourism trends. Meanwhile, analysing factors that have influenced tourism development will also contribute to the study. Besides, eco-tourism and climate issues are discussed as implications for the future. 2. 0 Findings 2. 1 Physical and human geography 2. 1. 1 Location Hong Kong is a mountainous citylocatednearShenzhen, China. There are four main areas in the city, including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, New territories and Outlying islands, and their area add up to 1100 square kilometres (CullinaneCullinane, 2003). For the reason of its unique landscape, approximately 40% of Hong Kong is built up as country parks (CullinaneCullinane, 2003). 2. 1. 2 Demography The city enjoys of a population of 6. 7 million, and it is growing at a rate of one million every ten years (CullinaneCullinane, 2003). 2. 1. 3 Political status For over 150 years before 1997, Hong Kong had been governed by the British administration, and it became a part of People’s Republic of Chinaonce again on July 1st, 1997 (CullinaneCullinane, 2003). This reunification has brought opportunities and enormous changes in Hong Kong. 2. 2 Pattern of tourism 2. 2. 1 Visitor arrivals Figure 1Visitor Arrivals 2007 – 2011 (‘000) Source: (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2008, 2010, 2012) Figure 1 shows the total number of visitors to Hong Kong in every single year from 2007 to 2011. Visitors are divided into three categories, including overnight visitors, same-day in-town visitors, and Cruise-in/Cruise-out Passengers. It is indicated in the figure that overnight visitors occupied most of the visitors. Table 1Visitor Arrivals Details by Country/Territory of Residence 2007 – 2011 (Overnight Visitors – ‘000) Source: (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012) Table 1 shows that Mainland China has the most visitors to Hong Kong in the past five years, with an annual growth rate of approximately 15%. Besides, Taiwan, Japan, the USA and South Korea are also generating a large number of tourists to Hong Kong, leading to tourism prosperity of the city. 2. 2. 2 Total tourism expenditure Figure 2Total Tourism Expenditure Associated to Inbound Tourism Source: (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012) Figure 2 shows total tourism expenditure from 2007 to 2011 and the line chart presents an increasing trend. The growth rate is rather high in 2010 and 2011 as a result of the tourist boom in those years. 2. 3 Factors that have influenced tourism in Hong Kong 2. 3. 1 Outbursts of infectious diseases In 2003, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) attacked the city of Hong Kong and led to the devastation of Hong Kong tourism. Originated in southern China, SARS was a mystery to the rest of the world until several people were infected in a hotel in Hong Kong and brought the disease back to their home country. Before understanding the danger and risk that would have been brought by SARS, the World Health Organization (WHO) made a recommendation to the world that Asia, especially areas of Hong Kong, Singapore, Mainland China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Taiwan, were not advisable destinations for tourism (McKercher Chon 2004; Kuo et al. 008). This unprecedented announcement caused significant panic in the world, tourists were quarantined for no reason after returning to their country, breeding industry was interrupted for disinfection on chicken farms, and Asians were restricted from traveling elsewhere. The mess finally led to the crackdown of tourism in Asia, with Hong Kong suffering the most (McKercher Chon 2004). This outburst of SARS uncovered huge hidden dangers in the world tourism system. The governments’ over-reaction tounclear threat was nothing but rational (Mao, Ding Lee 2010). The crisis was a lesson for the world on the relationship between tourism and crisis management, the government should act more judicious so that diseases could be effectively controlled and meanwhile, tourism does not suffer to a great extent. 2. 3. 2Construction of city infrastructure Since the accelerated development of infrastructure in Hong Kong in the 1990s, the number of tourists has experienced a continued increase (Poon, Yu Ng 2001). Tourist infrastructure mainly includes apartments or hotels for accommodation and transportation infrastructure, and the latter consists of facilities for planes, trains, ships and other modes of transportation (Gossling 2002; Khadaroo 2007, 2008). Researchers have found that the ability of a city to attract tourists is largely determined by the level of traffic infrastructure in the city (Khadaroo 2007), for the reason that rational city planningand well construction of ports could provide convenience for tourists, which leads to smooth trips. Successful travellers are willing to recommend their tourism destinations to their friends, and this will further lead to lasting prosperity of that destination. Although most facilities in Hong Kong are relatively complete, there remain some incompletion. An example is medical facilities needed for medical tourism. Hospitals in Hong Kong provide high level healthcare services, and the government attempts to boost medical tourism in the city (Heung, Kucukusta Song 2011). However, the lack of medical resources ends up to be the barrier which prevents tourists with medical needs from cutting edge technologies in Hong Kong. As a result, Hong Kong failed to build its reputation as a medical tourism destination. 2. 3. 3 Outbreaks of financial crises Hong Kong has experienced two major financial crises during past two decades, the Asian financial crisis burst out in 1997 and the world financial crisis in 2008 (Song Lin 2010). This report mainly focuses on consequences that were brought to tourism in Hong Kong by the latter crisis. Table 1 shows that the USA, UK, Japan and Singapore are among the source markets that generate most tourists to Hong Kong. You read "Tourism to Hong Kong" in category "Papers" The high market share of long-haul markets indicates that Hong Kong tourism is vulnerable to world economy and thus would be negatively influenced if something went wrong. In 2008, tourists from long-haul markets such as the USA and European countries declined by 10% and hotel rooms were less occupied than ever before (Song et al. 2011). If the tourists increasing rate before the crisis is taken into consideration, conclusions could be drawn that the financial crisis really affected tourism in Hong Kong to a great extent. Fortunately, tourists from Mainland China were not greatly influenced by this enormous crisis and visitors continued to travel to Hong Kong. This prevented the city from tremendous losses. Nevertheless, the overall expenditures dropped in 2009 which leads to the conclusion that financial crises could impose great threats to tourism in Hong Kong (Song Lin 2010). 2. 3. 4 Adjustments of policies towards Mainland China After introducing the Individual Visit Scheme on July 28, 2003, citizens of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdongare allowed to apply for visas and visit Hong Kong on anindividual basis (Wu, Li Song 2012). The scheme was implemented forthe acceleration of tourism development in two special administrative regions in China, and it is successful according to statistical results. Statistics show that the number of tourists from the source market of Mainland China increased by 24% in 2003 compared to that of 2002, and most of the growth was contributed by individual visitors (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012). As a matter of fact, thousands of Mainlanders have boosted into Hong Kong for the purpose of shopping and Hong Kong has become the paradise for shopping in the eyes of Mainlanders ever since (Wu, Li Song 2012). In order to guarantee long-term prosperity of businesses, merchants targeting Mainlanders have made adjustments regarding to shopping customs of Chinese consumers and the crucial point of the efforts is to create an atmosphere of mutual trust and cooperation (Wu, Li Song 2012). Since tourists from Mainland China occupy approximately 60% of total tourists every year, it is important that policies towards Mainland China remain mild in the coming years to sustain tourism prosperity in Hong Kong (Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012). 2. 4 Implications for the future of tourism 2. 4. Sustainable tourism practices Experience has shown that it is almost impossible to develop tourism while maintaining a clean environment at the same time. However, people have been making efforts to seek some extent of harmony and unity between the two. Hong Kong is a perfect city for the development of eco-tourism for it has a spectacular landscape, including mountains, valleys, coasts and islands (Ng Li 2000). H ong Kong government has been successful protecting the city’s natural resources, it had the highest percentage of the park area in the worldin 2000 (Ng Li 2000). Besides, Hong Kong enjoys a large variety of both animal and plant species, some of which cannot be found elsewhere in the world (Ng Li 2000). Enchanting as the scenery is in Hong Kong, eco-tourism is not a main form of tourism there. The following factors may account for this result. First of all, Hong Kong is in the sub-tropical zone, and the typical summer is so hot that people will feel uncomfortable to visit popular attractions (Ng Li 2000). Second of all, eco-tourism destinations are usually sensitive to the number of visitors, thus, they normally have a low capacity (Ng Li 2000). Rational management regulations should be made to balance tourism satisfaction and the necessary visitor limitationneeded for scenic spots. Finally, more experts in guidance have to be trained to provide information of spots (Ng Li 2000). It seems that there is still a long way to go before eventually launching a successful eco-tourism plan in Hong Kong. 2. 4. 2 Climate change How climate change will affect the pattern of tourism has long been studied. Studies have shown that as climate change will either directly or indirectly influence tourism (Chan Lai 2012). One of the main results of climate change is the rise in temperature. According to statistics, Hong Kong’s temperature has been surging during the past 15 years, and it is almost 5 degrees Celsius higher than 10 years ago (Chan Lai 2012). The high temperature will definitely bring uncomforting experiences to tourists,. Thus, it is likely that potential visitors will change their destinations elsewhere. Besides, although some tourists might not consider the temperature increase itself as a crucial factor in determining their destinations, the change due to this phenomenon, such as increased travel expenses, will affect tourism ehaviour to a great extent (Chan Lai 2012). While efforts have been made towards lowering the speed of temperature increase, the results turn out not assuring. Although climate change does not affect tourism in Hong Kong as much as that in tourism-oriented island cities, people should deal will this issue seriously before it is too late. 3. 0 Conclusion In conclusion, although Hong Kong has been through some hard times, the city remains potential as a tourism destination. This report discusses the city of Hong Kong from tourism aspect. As an important city in the Pacific Asia region, Hong Kong has enjoyed a fine reputation among tourists. Its unique landscape and special location have attracted and are still attracting visitors in large scales. During the past two decades, several financial crises have imposed danger on tourism in the city to a great extent, but a few policy adjustments, especially the policy of opening up to Mainland China individual visitors, saved the industry from collapsing. Eco-tourism could be further developed to balance economic development and environment protection, but several issues need to be solved before concrete implementation. Climate change is also a challenge that needs early planning, thus, effective efforts demand immediate attention. ? References Chan, GKY Lai, MTH 2012, Understanding Climate Change, Carbon-offsetting and their Impacts on Travel Behaviour, viewed 24 November 2012, . Cullinane, S , K 2003, ‘Hong Kong City Profile’, Cities, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 279-288. Gossling, S 2002, ‘Global environmental consequences of tourism’, Global Environmental Change, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 283-302. Heung, Vincent CS , Kucukusta, D Song, H 2011, ‘Medical tourism development in Hong Kong: An assessment of the barriers’, Tourism Management, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 995–1005. Hong Kong Tourism Board 2008, A Statistical Review of Hong Kong Tourism 2007, viewed 21 November 2008, ; http://partnernet. hktb. com/filemanager/publication/143330/Default. html;. Hong Kong Tourism Board 2010, A Statistical Review of Hong Kong Tourism 2009, viewed 21 November 2010, ; http://partnernet. ktb. com/filemanager/publication/143332/Default. html;. Hong Kong Tourism Board 2012, A Statistical Review of Hong Kong Tourism 2011, viewed 21 November 2012, . Khadaroo, J , B 2007, ‘Transport infrastructure and tourism development’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 1021–1032. Kuo, HI, Chen, CC, Tseng, WC, Ju, LF Huang, BW 2 008, ‘Assessing impacts of SARS and Avian Flu on international tourism demand to Asia Original Research Article’, Tourism Management, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 917-928. Mao, CK, Ding, CG Lee, HY 2010, ‘Post-SARS tourist arrival recovery patterns: An analysis based on a catastrophe theory Original Research Article’, Tourism Management, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 855-861. McKercher, B Chon, K 2004, ‘The Over-Reaction to SARS and the Collapse of Asian Tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 716–719. Ng, CN Li, Y 2000, Eco-tourism in Hong Kong: its potentials and limitations, Kiskeya Alternative, viewed 23 November 2012, . Poon, CS, Yu, ATW Ng, LH 2001,‘On-site sorting of construction and demolition waste in Hong Kong’, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 157–172. Song, H, Lin, S 2010, ‘Impacts of the Financial and Economic Crisis on Tourism in Asia’, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 16-30. Song, H, Lin, S, Witt, SF Zhang, X 2011, ‘Impact of financial/economic crisis on demand for hotel rooms in Hong Kong’, Tourism Manageme nt, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 172–186. Wu, DC, Li, G Song, H 2012, ‘Economic Analysis of Tourism Consumption Dynamics: A Time-varying Parameter Demand System Approach’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 667–685. How to cite Tourism to Hong Kong, Papers

Personalisation in social care Essay Example For Students

Personalisation in social care Essay Personalization starts with the person and the individual circumstances rather than the service. This means that choices offered must not be limited to what the service decides to provide, personalization is giving people who use social care support services a choice and control over how, when and by whom their support service is delivered by care book) I _2 It is giving control back to the person that is needing the support and letting them know they dont just have to go along with what everyone else is saying Its about freedom of choice. . 3 The individual get their rights from legislation, human rights and equality right. Under this legislation the individual have the right to make their own choices i. E social activities, intellectual activities, spiritual, personal care, specialty activities, creative activities, physical activities. I . 4 The White paperwork The white paper 2010 The mental capacity act 2005 Code of practice for social care workers 2004 Common assessment framework for adults 2010 Putting people first 2007 Living well with dementia a national dementia strategy 2009 Guidance on eligibility criteria for adult social care 2010. 2. 1 List local and national systems that are designed to support personalization Putting people first The white paper The individual budget. 2. 3 Direct payments are cash payments given to the service user in lieu to community care services They have been assessed as needing and are intended to give users greater choice in their care. The payments must be sufficient to enable the service user to purchase service to meet their eligible needs. Personal budgets are an allocation of funding given to users after an assessment which should be sufficient to meet their assessed needs. Users can either take their personal budget as a direct payment or while still choosing how their care needs are met and by whom- leave councils with the responsibility to commission the service or they can have a combination of the two. People sing personal direct budgets and direct payments as Of march 2012 is 53%Of ongoing users of community services in England were on personal budgets some 432,000 people were using personal budgets. 3. 1 Person control thinking is a set of values, skills and tools used in person centered planning and in the personalization Of services used by people Who need supports provided by social or health care. Person centered planning is a set of approaches designed to assist someone to plan their life and supports.

an unexpected teacher free essay sample

In the summer of 2010 I had the opportunity to bring life back into a city of destruction, to bring love where there was none, and to bring hope when all was gone. After traveling sixteen hours in a fifteen passenger van I was determined to change lives, unaware it would be mine that would instead be changed forever. I was in New Orleans, a city that had looked death, destruction, and devastation in the eye and yet decided to pull together and help each other out in whatever means necessary when many of them had nothing left to give. Although it had been five years since Hurricane Katrina had tragically taken everything from the majority of the people in New Orleans, from the look of the city it could have just happened yesterday. The streets were dirty with paper, mud, weeds, and just about everything else imaginable- the yards overgrown, the houses deserted, the neighborhoods childless. We will write a custom essay sample on an unexpected teacher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page New Orleans had lost its vibrancy, its color, its hope and its life, all of which we hoped to help restore. We devoted an entire week solely as servants of God. We picked up trash, demolished houses, fed the homeless, cleared lots, had a carnival, and gave away free clothes. However, it was on the sixth night of my mission trip, when we went to downtown New Orleans to serve the homeless, that I learned more in five minutes then I had my entire life. I had never seen so many famished, exhausted, dirty people in one place as I did that night. They came by bike, bus, and many by their own two feet desperate for anything we could give them. Men, women, children, teenagers, old men, and babies came in tens, hundreds and thousands. From among all the people I met and stories I heard, one man exceptionally stood out: A man by the name of David. He was A tall gray-haired man, who looked like it had been weeks since his last meal. We offered him everything from spaghetti and meatballs, Caesa r salad, cookies, punch, and bread, all of which he refused besides a tiny slice of garlic bread. â€Å"That is all I need† He said, â€Å"Save the rest for the children or for the people who really need it.† Never have I ever been so amazed, astounded, or flabbergasted than I was that moment when A man who had absolutely nothing decided to take the bare minimum when offered a full meal. He had nothing to give yet in that moment he gave everything to one more man, woman, or child who would eat that night because he refused it. When we asked him how he would make it, as it was apparent he had not eaten in weeks, he just looked up at the sky and responded, â€Å"I’ll make it through the night, I have him† and turned to leave with his single piece of garlic bread and a smile on his face. The rest of the night I continued to hear stories of hope, hard work, and faith but nothing came close to my encounter with David. I could not stop thinking about his genero sity and faith in God’s plan. Not only did I return home with a few souvenirs, a bracelet one of the children made me and a New Orleans shirt to commemorate my trip, but also a newfound sense of hope, peace, and love. Of all the things I learned that week about myself, New Orleans, and the world I learned the most from a tiny piece of garlic bread and a homeless man by the name of David: to always have hope even when no one would blame us for having none, to always have faith in God because everything that happens is part of his plan, and to always have love for ourselves and each other as in the grand scheme of the world we are all a family and all God’s children.

Learning German Adjectives and Colors

Learning German Adjectives and Colors German adjectives, like English ones, usually go in front of the noun they modify: der  gute  Mann (the good man), das  große  Haus (the big house/building), die  schà ¶ne  Dame (the pretty lady). Unlike English adjectives, a German adjective in front of a noun has to have an ending (-e  in the examples above). Just what that ending will be depends on several factors, including  gender  (der, die, das) and  case  (nominative, accusative, dative). But most of the time the ending is an -e  or an -en  (in the plural). With  ein-words, the ending varies according to the modified nouns gender (see below). Look at the following table for the adjective endings in the nominative (subject) case: With  definite article  (der, die, das) -  Nominative case Masculineder Femininedie Neuterdas Pluraldie der neu Wagenthe new car die schn Stadtthe beautiful city das alt Autothe old car die neu Bcherthe new books With  indefinite article  (eine, kein, mein) -  Nom. case Masculineein Feminineeine Neuterein Pluralkeine ein neu Wagena new car eine schn Stadta beautiful city ein alt Autoan old car keine neu Bcherno new books Note that with  ein-words, since the article may not tell us the gender of the following noun, the adjective ending often does this instead (-es  Ã‚  das, -er  Ã‚  der; see above). As in English, a German adjective can also come  after  the verb (predicate adjective): Das Haus ist groß. (The house is large.) In such cases, the adjective will have NO ending. Farben (Colors) The German words for colors  usually function as adjectives and take the normal adjective endings (but see exceptions below). In certain situations, colors can also be nouns and are thus capitalized: eine Bluse in  Blau (a blouse in blue); das Blaue  vom Himmel versprechen (to promise heaven and earth, lit., the blue of the heavens). The chart below shows some of the more common colors with sample phrases.  Youll learn that the colors in feeling blue or seeing red may not mean the same thing in German. A black eye in German is blau (blue). Farbe Color Color Phrases with Adjective Endings rot red der rote Wagen (the red car), der Wagen ist rot rosa pink die rosa Rosen (the pink roses)* blau blue ein blaues Auge (a black eye), er ist blau (hes drunk) hell-blau lightblue die hellblaue Bluse (the light blue blouse)** dunkel-blau darkblue die dunkelblaue Bluse (the dark blue blouse) grn green der grne Hut (the green hat) gelb yellow die gelben Seiten (yellow pages), ein gelbes Auto wei white das weie Papier (the white paper) schwarz black der schwarze Koffer (the black suitcase) *Colors ending in -a  (lila, rosa) do not take the normal adjective endings.  Ã‚   **Light or dark colors are preceded by  hell- (light) or  dunkel- (dark), as in  hellgrà ¼n  (light green) or  dunkelgrà ¼n  (dark green).

Research Question Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Question - Research Paper Example The user can make the computer more fault tolerant by a way of thinking how the computer or the devices of the network may seems to fail as well as, taking the required steps so that the faults can be prevented whenever they occur (Qian, 2008 p 101). For this case, the steps to be followed when improving the network’s fault tolerance include. The user should by all the time have his or her computer or the networks running on the Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). UPS provides the backup power source when there is a power outage (blackout), or a power surge. UPS provides additional time for the computer to shut down by providing the power to the computer from where it was stored. However, the user should also have the system messages that are sent to every network so as to let the administrators know when the power goes off or when computer shut down because of the failure of the power. If there is no UPS which is connected on the computer or the UPS fails to provide the surge fortification, the surge protector may be connected to the network devices or the computer so as to help prevent those devices from failing during the power surge (Briggs, 2009, p 13). The user should all the time run backups on the computer. Running of the backups may be done daily or at least every month if only the relevant information is stored in them. The user should make sure that he/she creates a mirror of data on the alternate location. When the computer devices are connected to the network, the user should make sure that the firewall are set up. A firewall is normally the software utility that can limit the accessing of the network on the computer by blocking or restricting the ports. Firewalls are extremely significant since it helps preventing un-authorized members from accessing to the company network or a network which is at home.

Managing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Managing People - Essay Example Ineffective leadership, poor organizational culture, poor management styles, poor working conditions, lack of work life balancing, lack of career development opportunities etc. are some of the major reasons that prevent employees from delivering their bests. This report analyses the importance of employee engagement, employee involvement and leadership styles, taking McDonalds Corporation as an example. Founded by Maurice and Richard McDonald in 1940 and operating in 119 countries, McDonalds is world’s largest the fast food business group now. Around 1.7 million people were employed by McDonalds in its 14000 restaurants operating at different parts of the world (Reward Gateway UK, 2014). The 1.7 million workforces of McDonalds are extremely diverse since the company is operating in different parts of the world. Management of diverse or multicultural workforce is not as easy as the management of a single cultural workforce. The leaders and the managers of the company should implement effective HR strategies to bring out the maximum productivity of the employees. According to Torrington et al (2011), HRM is all management activities that help an organization to use its workforce to make things happen in a productive way. Even though an organization may have many resources such as machine, money and materials, none of them are as important as manpower resources. It should be noted that manpower is the only active resource of an organization and it is necessary to mobilize all other resources. Ineffective workforce may waste all other organizational resources whereas effective or skilled workforce may use all other resources in an efficient manner. In short, manpower resource is the most important resource for all organizations. According to Boxall & Purcell (2012), effective utilization of manpower resource is one of the most important HR functions. The success and failure of an organization depends on how well the leaders

The integration process of immigrants in Spain

The integration process of immigrants in Spain Immigration Spain Emigration A social analysis of the integration process of immigrants in Spain. The way in which ‘the problem’ of immigration in Spain affects the integration of immigrants. Over the last fifteen years, Spain has gone from being a country of emigration to a country of immigration. In recent years few European countries have experienced as dramatic a rise in immigration as Spain. Spain has been among the most open countries in the European Union, admitting 650,000 immigrants last year alone and granting residency permits to 560,000 more who were in the country illegally. Although the percentage of immigrants is still relatively low compared to other European countries (6.1% of the population in 2005) the growth of immigration experienced over the last five years has led experts to consider the country as a â€Å"new immigration centre.† The economic and historical connections with North Africa and South America have been the principal triggers of immigration flows, with almost 2/3 of immigrants coming from outside the EU. Europeans also represent a large number of immigrants in Spain. Attracted to the Costa del Sol’s climate and low cost of living, many come to retire. There are three basic causes for this substantial change in the position of Spain as a new centre of immigration. The first is the continuous economic development of the country and the fact that it belongs to one of the most developed regions in the world, the EU. Secondly, Spain is considered as an alternative to other European countries with high levels of immigration where there now exist increasingly strong restrictions on immigration, especially those originating from outside Europe. Thirdly, Spain’s geographical situation means that it has become the ‘back door’ for immigrants’ intent on reaching the rest of Europe. The significant increase of the foreign population since 2000 has resulted in a growing awareness that immigration is a structural phenomenon and Spain: a multicultural country. Recent Spanish opinion polls reveal the distortion between the reality and nationals’ perception of the extent of this immigration. In the book ‘Europeos e Inmigrantes,’ the authors study local’s opinion on immigration and conclude with the following results: approximately 55% of Spanish society perceive Spain as having ‘a lot’ of immigrants- though not too many- and 25% of them consider the number of immigrants to be too high. The number of immigrants, but more specific still the presence of immigrants, is suggested to be a ‘problem.’ This study will be looking at the perception of immigration as a ‘problem,’ and the consequence of this perception on the integration of immigrants in Spain. I am interested in the integration of immigrants on a social level: the ways in which social constructions of the ‘other’ are reflected in the social integration process of the immigrant population. In the end, I hope to make sense not just of immigrants’ marginal status in Spain; but also how the concept of culture and society shapes the integration process. Despite common belief that Spain is being met by an invasion of newcomers, the percentage of immigrants to the total national population remains the lowest within the EU. By 2001, immigrants in Spain made up 2.5% of the population, contrasted with 4.2% for the UK, 4.3 for the Netherlands, 5.6 for France, and 8.9 for Germany. Overall, the European average is three times higher than the Spanish average. Despite the fact that illegal immigrants are seen as a threat to the growing population, illegal entrance into Spain counts for only 4% of the immigrants entering legally. Yet today, immigration is among the top three mentioned problems and has been referred to as a cultural problem. The media has had, and continues to have, a great influence on the nation’s interpretation of immigration and the prominence of immigration in national politics and people’s consciousness reflects the extent to which the subject of immigration is covered by Spanish media. No other medium is able to send a determined message out to the masses, or has so much power as to make everyone value their freedom of speech. Those who have studied ‘public opinion’ have said, â€Å"Although people think they have formulated their own opinion, in actual fact their opinion and argument is more or less echoed from a favoured political leader or party.† National newspapers go as far as to include a section on ‘the immigration problem’ aimed at keeping track of the number of illegal immigrants apprehended by the police. The Spanish newspaper, ‘El Paà ­s’ uses headlines such as: ‘Interceptados 76 inmigrantes en las costas de Granada y Canarias en las à ºltimas horas, and frequently describes the arrival of ‘nueva oleadas de pateras que intentan alcanzar Espaà ±a. On television, the Spanish public are supplied with regular images of illegal immigrants attempting to enter the country illegally. The constant focus on immigration in political discourse and in the mass media has created a sense of migratory pressure amongst the public, a sense that there are floods of people banging on the border doors to get in. â€Å"Las puertas de Europa Espaà ±a y nueve paà ­ses europeos han acordado establecer un operativo para patrullar toda la zona del à frica atlà ¡ntica susceptible de ser punto de origen de pateras y cayucos que viajan hacia Europa y, sobre todo, hacia Canarias, que acusa casi cada dà ­a la presià ³n de esta avalancha migratoria.† This pressure is fuelled by both a fear of security and a fear of immigrants affecting the Spanish labour market (which I will discuss later on). This fear is often translated into panic and irrational conclusions for those ignorant of the reality of the situation. Evidence of illegal immigrants in Spain has created confusion between attitudes towards illegal and legal immigrants, and often the two groups are treated as one. Following the 9/11 tragedy, race stereotypes have once again become commonplace and through pure ignorance and fear, immigrants are seen as a threat to the public’s safety, often being associated with Islamic fundamentalism. Public insecurity due to misinformation has manifested itself in violence and xenophobic feelings against the immigrants. An example of this took place in 2000, in El Ejido (Andalucia), where locals violently attacked newly settled immigrants, following a young girl’s murder by a Moroccan. The dissemination of these negative perceptions has helped conjure up a sensation of invasion, which does not mirror the reality of the situation. The reality of the situation (which I have already discussed) is that this existing fear is unjustified. It is a representation of the ignorance surrounding the perception of immigration linking the race of an immigrant group with the safety of a country. Immigration has also been considered a threat to the structure of the labour market. During the 1980s and 1990s, when immigration to Spain was at its highest, the country was experiencing a profound economic crisis characterized above all by high levels of unemployment. The presence of immigrants and the misconception that they were invading the Spanish labour market, added further tension to the relationship between the two groups, and was therefore considered an economic and social problem. â€Å"More than any other factor, unemployment is generally seen as the root cause behind the electoral successes of the radical Right across Europe and is credited with casing an existence of a negative, anti immigrant attitude in Spain.† Immigration in Spain has also been treated as a cultural problem â€Å"where the idea of having immigrants in the country is not perceived as a positive multicultural phenomenon but as a threat to the integrity of the Spanish cultural identity.† The Spanish fear that the increasing presence of other national cultures will overshadow and stifle their own traditions. The immigrants have brought their own culture to Spain, which they expect to be respected and recognised so that they may practice their traditions in harmony with the rest of society. Spaniards fear that the integration of immigrants will entail the growth of alien religious infrastructures and more conflict between locals and immigrants. The social integration of Muslims in particular is perceived as difficult, because of the demands for their own religious infrastructure. The constructions of mosques render the development of a multicultural society even more obvious. Since the terrorist attacks in Madrid 2004, Islam has been presented as an alien civilization, with mosques feared as centres of terrorism. This fear often translates into irrational conclusions. â€Å"As it generally does in other European countries, the association of North Africans with Islamic fundamentalism, terrorism and crime tends to breed hostility and suspicion from the Spanish public.† In summary, the immigration problem revolves around an insecurity bred by the sense of invasion. People feel threatened by the implications of immigrants in the labour market, and what ‘integration’ really entails for the culture and society dynamics of Spain. I am now going to address the concept of integration and how the perception of immigration already discussed has affected this process. In order to assess how this is affecting the integration process I will be looking at the topic from an anthropological perspective. Among those who attempt to define the concept of integration, there is considerable disagreement. In the context of Spanish immigration it has taken on many meanings, some implying that it is reached when the immigrant is able to ‘fit in,’ others suggesting that it hinges on natives’ open-mindedness and tolerance, and still others prioritising the accessibility of social services and basic necessities. Often, the term is simply used as a synonym for settlement, or establishing physical and social roots. A Spanish social scientist and immigration expert defines it this way: ‘We can say that immigrants are integrated into a host society when they do not face additional obstacles due to their foreign origin in the main aspects of their social, economic, and family life, when compared to the native-born population.’ Law plays a central role in the immigrants’ integration on all levels and has been seen as â€Å"formally codifying them as different at several levels.† Spain had several attempts at immigration legalisation: the first, ‘the Ley de Extranjeria,’ focussing primarily on control over immigrants rather than integration. Immigration laws designated some people as non-citizens with a limited set of rights and privileges. Others were declared to be illegal and unwelcome altogether and those who did achieve legal status found their position unstable, as they are vulnerable to frequent changes in legislation and status. When in 1998 the issue of integration was finally addressed, the focus was still on the integration of ‘non-EU foreigners’ rather than the immigrant group as a whole, stigmatising the non-EU immigrants as the problem group. Perez, in his article, â€Å"Spain: Forging an Immigration Policy,† goes as far as to say that the ‘Law on the rights and Freedoms of Foreigners in Spain and their Integration’ passed in January 2000, was not so much ‘because of the law’s acknowledgement of immigrant rights but because of its conception of immigration as a permanent phenomenon.’ Still today immigrants struggle against policy restrictions. Despite the common belief that immigrants create problems in the Spanish labour market, the reality of the situation is that the immigrant work force is largely responsible for Spain’s economic growth. This growth, over the last decade, has been among the fastest in the EU. â€Å"It is not a coincidence that the strong economic growth and increase in employment rate has increased with the arrival of immigrants into Spain.† Having said this, statistics show that in 2006 the unemployment rate for Spaniards was 8% compared to 12% for foreigners. The lack of facilities for Spanish employers to contract foreigners and the difficulty such employers face accessing Spanish labour has resulted in irregular immigration flows and labour markets. In addition to the disparity between the unemployment rates for Spanish and Immigrant workers, there is also a difference in the nature of work. The restructuring of the Spanish economy after the accession to the European Community has resulted in an increase in the demand for labour in sectors of the economy where nationals no longer wish to work. Spanish laws make it virtually impossible to gain admission as legal residents outside of the quota system that is largely confined to those willing to work in agriculture, domestic help, and construction, i.e. those sectors where wages and working conditions are inadequate to attract sufficient local workers. These laws thus guarantee that immigrant workers labour under conditions that are shunned by most of the working class, an arrangement that furthermore highlights their economic alienation and their exclusion from reasonable housing, health care and other basic necessities further distancing there chances on reaching integration. Furthermore, there is little stability for immigrants in the labour market with most of them receiving only temporal jobs. There is also a significant difference in wages. It has been noted that non-communitarians earn 33% less than Spanish citizens. These forms of discrimination have resulted in the exploitation of undocumented workers: considerably lower payments, a lack of safety standards, labour security and worker rights. One of the main problems with the way in which immigration is perceived in Spain is that not much is known about the immigrant as an individual. Because of this lack of knowledge, realities are distorted and often the outsider is assumed to be the culprit for society’s ills. â€Å"In endeavouring to reduce environmental complexity to a manageable size, when bombarded with environmental stimuli, untested cognitive short-cuts come to be employed which have a tendency to become self fulfilling.† In order for immigration to be perceived accurately by any social group there must be a basis of knowledge; not hearsay. As most of the media coverage on the immigrant population relates to violence and delinquency, it is understandable why the average Spaniard, adopts a defensive stance. To gain an accurate, or at least fair representation of the immigrant population, these negative portrayals ought to be contested with representations from the minority groups. A lack of organisation and funds are said to explain the lack of minority media produced in Spain. Whether this is the case, or whether the lack of initiative to produce a platform for the minority groups to speak out from is the manifestation of another social inequality. The danger of a ‘general’ perception of the immigrant group is that incorrect assumptions are made and stereotypes formed. Generalisations on immigrants’ nationalities create a belief that each nation has one culture shared by all inhabitants. Similar generalisations are made towards the second generation of immigrants. The children of the immigrants, who have never immigrated, and who were born in Spain are assumed to be of foreign origin. These stereotypes also include the concept that others’ cultural traits are strange and not worthy of exploring because they are not necessary to the already comfortable, established concepts that the society possesses. The cultural traits that cause the most ‘problems’ are those most different, usually those from non-European countries. This is because, in everyday life, they are the most conspicuous (with regards to the fact that in Spain the colour of one’s skin is still associated with being ‘foreign’) reminding nationals that Spain is becoming a multicultural country. Spanish researcher and anthropologist, Damian Omar Martinez, explores the concept that on a social level, non- European immigrants are discriminated against more because they are considered further away from integration: the integration that sees immigrants conforming to the Spanish way of life. With the transformation of the European Union, the free movement of Europeans between borders means that to a certain extent relationships between different European cultures are less tense. European citizens are increasingly viewed as being part of a European community. The borders between themselves and ‘the others’ have almost been extended up to the exterior borders of Europe. McGrance argues that there is a distinct Western thought process. He argues that: ‘there is the superior Western culture, and then there are all the rest as contrast. A sharp divide is created, with epistemological privilege always on the side of the West. With these analyses in mind, one realises the extent of the difficulties immigrants face in becoming integrated into Spanish society. Adding to the discussion on integration and what impedes this process for immigrants, I am interested in how a national population is able to control a minority population. When talking of integration, it is impossible to say when an immigrant is fully integrated as an essential part of this process is determined by non- controllable factors such as the native population’s response. It seems the first step to any kind of integration for minority groups (the immigrants), is acceptance from the majority (the nationals). However, when integration can be defined as a concept that calls for the absence of racism and tolerance for minority groups, the question is raised as to whether it is integration we are talking about or tolerance. Is the immigration in Spain a case of ‘integrating’ immigrants or merely ‘tolerating’ them? If it is a case of tolerating immigrants, there is little hope of integration for immigrants on a social level. This brings me onto the concepts of ‘society’ and ‘community,’ which seem to influence the process of integration of immigrants. Calavita writes that the concept of culture and community is difficult to define. She quotes Walzer’s attempt at defining the term: â€Å" that at a minimum a community consists of like-minded members, with some special commitment to one another and some special sense of their common life.† The term community deals with the concept of belonging and not belonging: the member whom is accepted and part of something, and the outsider whom is striving to be part of something that is not necessarily clear. The Europe we see developing today is a prime example of a ‘community’ of nations pushing for one identity. Cris Shore explores the idea that this very existing identity is one of the main culprits for the problem of integration of immigrant. â€Å"Identity is represented as a process of classification involving boundaries of inclusion and exclusion.† Shore goes on further to explore the terms European and non- European. Though there is no official definition for these terms, ‘ a more coherent applied definition can be seen emerging at the borders and boundaries of the new Europe.’ With the distinction of European and non-European groups becoming clear, so to is the distinction between the insider and the outsider. These terms are used to reiterate the fact that the immigrant is from outside, it is used to make the distinction between the group of ‘Us’ (national population) and ‘Them’ (the immigrant), and it has been used by Spaniards to remind themselves of what they are not. One must ask to what extent the integration of immigrants is a process of selection, and to what extent the national population influences this process. Nowadays the significance and relevance of being a member of a community has been devalued somewhat, as it is increasingly difficult to define this term. Calavita quotes Bauman and others as arguing, â€Å"that this kind of community is on the decline, as globalisation, with its collapsing cultural boundaries, and the diminishing significance of the nation-state, erodes its boundaries and disintegrates its ties, leaving little structure to the foundations of this group.† ‘The diminishing significance of the nation state’ refers to the developing ‘European identity’ the EU are pushing for today. This united centre requires the breaking down of national barriers to ensure full communication between nations in an effort for them to work together and be successful as one. Arguments put forward suggesting immigration is a ‘cultural problem’ because of its effect on the authenticity of Spanish culture, are unsound, as the very Europe that Spain forms part of, is doing just that. Considering immigration as a ‘problem,’ has severely affected the process of integration of immigrants in Spain. The real concern lies in the general public’s perception of immigrants. The strength of a nation’s perception is based on a sentiment cultivated over many years; can this national sentiment towards immigration be changed? It does not make sense to see a city or country as an integrated body of citizens, a group you can enter once you have completed cultural, economic requirements. It is the discussion of immigration as a problem, and the questioning of whether immigrants integrate or not that creates the phenomenon of immigration and puts such pressure on the social groups involved to form a position on the issue. When analysing the immigration issue in Spain, it should not be the question of whether the immigrants are a problem, or whether they are integrated or not, but what there role is in society.

Marketing Plan Nike

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE Sofia MARKETING PLAN Market entry/grow opportunity for Nike in Bulgaria INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT Coursework in MARKETING Student registration No: 20019402 Program: MBA Lecturer:Dr. V. Blagoev Executive Summary Our approach to developing a market-entry strategy follows a structured process, based on in-depth understanding of all aspects that feed into a commercial launch. A comprehensive analysis, using market data and market research, allows us to assess all areas affecting Nike’s strategic direction: Current market situation: detailed consumer and business market segmentation and analysis of market drivers will be undertaken to identify the most valuable target segments and underlying reasons for market entry/opportunity. Specific target areas are evaluated to provide key inputs: product, pricing, retail structures, sales and distribution planning – A review of competition: extensive competitive profiling in areas such as positioning, bran d, target segments, value proposition, market offer, pricing, customer care, sales & distribution, enable assessment of competitors’ strengths and weaknesses Threats and opportunity analysis: analysis of relevant threats and opportunities that the product might face. An internal SWOT highlight areas of valid advantages and disadvantages, providing input to market entry positioning and value proposition – Objectives and issues: description of limitations or possibilities within the current plan that affect objectives to attain or issues that might affect market and segment growth – Identification of marketing strategy: outline of how Nike is to create customer value and the specific of target markets. It is also referred to specific strategies of the marketing mix (4Ps) and how they relate to threats and opportunities. – Action programs: how marketing strategies will be turned into actions – Budgets: shows expected revenue, expected marketing cost and ROI Conclusions from the market analysis together with internal SWOT and identified strategic risk areas form the basis for describing the market entry/opportunity. Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Current marketing situation 3. Threats and opportunities analysis 4. Objectives and issues 5. Marketing strategy 6. Conclusion REFERENCE I. Current Market Situation 1 Market description Bulgaria isn't renowned for specialist sports stores. The news for sports goods businesses is generally positive, given Bulgaria's negative expectations for rapid economic development being one of the poorest members of the EU. Meanwhile, some analysts expect sports clothing and shoes to climb in demand. â€Å"The global economic crisis has not yet significantly affected the sport goods market because when people cannot afford to buy apartments they prefer buying goods such as trainers,† said Kr Tsonov, (Director of Sport Depot). Tsonov said annual turnover of branded sport goods in Bulgaria last year was approximately Euros63 million, relatively small for a population of 7. 5 million people. The figure doesn't include significant equipment imports from China and Thailand. Germany's Adidas has some 40% of the market share, with revenues of about Euros 39 million annually. The US Nike and German Puma brands each earn Euros 19 and 13 million over the same period. The Bulgarian sport goods market is still developing. Branded sport clothes and shoes are generally favored sales compared to specialized sport equipment, including that for extreme sports. But the current small volume of sales is the main reason why large international sports chains have yet to enter the market. Currently, specialized sport goods are offered by a large number of retailers, but most dealers have just one store. In Sofia, there are about 20 such stores and countrywide there are around 70. But mass distribution has yet to gain a stronghold. When it does, as large brands seek to leverage growth in untapped territory with franchising deals, the Bulgarian sports market will streak away. The main consumers of Nike products can be divided into the following major segments: proffessional athletes (approximately 65  000); †¢ active amateurs (between 20-55 years of age, 368 728), †¢ students (fashion or trend fostered, approx. 896 734); †¢ young active people (between 15-19 years of age, who practice sport for good body shape or just for health, approx. 220 937) and †¢ people from upscale market (usually earn above the average for the country, who would like to feel comfortable and look good when training, approx. 00  000). (Ministry of physical education and sport, 2011, National Statistical Institute 2011) Professional athletes seek better performance and to reach the best of their potential. Product characteristics include light weight, high innovation and cushion technology. For instance Carl Lewi’s custom-designed pair of golden-colored Nike racing spikes made with Zytel, sources state that each shoe weighed about 94 grams. Active amat eurs and people from upscale market are concerned with low risk of injuries and better performance. Product can be viewed with light weight and cushioning technology. Air Max a renowned running shoe by Nike, specially designed to provide the ultimate in impact protection — reducing shock and distributing pressure, best characterizes the product. (www. footlocker. com/searchresults/keyword:nike+air+max/) Students and young active people have similar traits – comfort and trend. Design and cushioning technology is what the product is aimed for. Good example is the online Nike shop, where you can custom your gear – shoes. http://nikeid. nike. com/nikeid/index. jsp#home In general, Nike’s products are considered to be upscale and versus the competitors the pricing is relative higher. Given that the product prices are realistic Nike is offering to its customers, it is doubtful whether all customers think alike. This may represent a weakness, having in mind the lower output of the economy in Bulgaria. To overcome any future problems, especially in high price line, Nike is open for emerging technologies and heavily invests in innovation towards the development of new products, specifically the Nike Alpha Project, a revolutionary new line of athletic shoes. Nike was negligent in the past towards the mid-to lower-price-point products, which offers another gap for improvement. To better develop competitive position at all price points more resources and time should be dedicated. There is a great potential in the lower price point and these are needs that can meet the specific characteristics of the Bulgarian market. A. J. Almaney, Ph. D. (2000) 1 Product review According to Nike, the following shoe styles will be available online in January 2012 refering to the launch date. Regular follow up or update can be found @NikeStore on Twitter. These styles may also be available  at  authorized Nike retailers or authorized Jordan retailers. |JORDAN | |DATE |STYLE NAME |COLOR |PRICE |STYLE # | |01/07/12 |Air Jordan 8. 0 |Black/Dark Concord-Anthracite-Orion Blue |$150 |467807-009 | |01/11/12 |CP3. V |Black/White-Stealth |$120 |487428-003 | |01/19/12 |Fly Wade II |White/Varsity Red-Black |$145 |479976-101 | | | | | | | |BASKETBALL | |DATE |STYLE NAME |COLOR |PRICE |STYLE # | |01/06/12 |Zoom Kobe VII |White/Black-Concord-Neutral Grey |$180 |488244-100 | | | | | | | |AIR FORCE 1's & NIKE SPORTSWEAR | |DATE |STYLE NAME |COLOR |PRICE |STYLE # | |01/14/12 |Air Force 1 |Black/Black |$90 |488298-007 | |01/14/12 |Air Force 1 |Cargo Khaki/Cargo Khaki |$90 |488298-300 | |01/15/12 |Air Max '95 |Obsidian/Obsidian-White-Action Red |$150 |609048-400 | |01/21/12 |Air Force 1 |White/Obsidian |$90 |488298-105 | http://help-us. nike. com/app/answers/detail/a_id/20727 2 Marketing Mix adapted by Nike for Bulgarian Market Nike has been developing its Marketing Mix based on product, price, place and promotion. Thus, seeking the right marketing mix to best contribute to its goal of maximum profitability. Product: Nike understands the importance to satisfy every aspect of the consumer market in Bulgaria. To penetrate the competition and gain market share Nike should have an extensive range of products. Key point is to provide features, designs, various brands, packaging and benefits like extra warranties and after sale service. There is need to cater different market segments and every segment has specific requirements as well as individuals. Customized solutions of the product can be offered and shaped as per the requirements of the customer. Warranties of one year can be offered for the products and in case of defects or problems occur after purchase a replacement can be offered. This can be referred as after sale service and will help in keeping loyal customers. The competitor Addidas is offering only 6 month warranties for the Bulgarian market. There is an increasing interest in the consumer for high end brands and collaboration with other companies could trigger more sales and recognition. E. g. selling i-pods with their jogging shoes range. Price: Internationally Nike is positioned at high-end consumer market with high disposable income looking for better service and top of the line product. Basically the strategy is to provide high cost with maximum profitability, hence high profit margins. That can be justified by higher cost for innovations and advertisement collaboration with top sport athletes. A possible solution specifically for Bulgaria to overcome the high cost is to introduce special promotions during the festive season or low sales periods or by selling out old models. Place: Nike has developed wide range of distribution channels worldwide. Appropriate for the local market are retail channels: retails stores, brand stores and exclusive show rooms. Online shopping is another means of distributing its various products and its less costly compared to the rest methods. Distributers are commonly engaged to support its retail outlets. Factory outlets can have a major role in the down market, where discounted products can be disposed. Promotion: Nike has one of the most comprehensive promotion and advertising. To build awareness, brand image and loyalty Nike can use for the local market advertising, sales promotions, advertisement campaigns, public relations, publicity and sales promotions. Nike often relates to top athletes from various sports – football, tennis, golf and etc. Nike also endorses various teams and clubs, such as Levski Football team. It can use shows for product placement or it can sponsor various events – Sofia marathon, Football Cup, Golf tournaments, like Black Sea Rama or even new stadium as it did with â€Å"Alliance Arena† Nike also can use local celebrities in their advertisements to increase brand loyalty by utilizing the brand image of such celebrities. http://www. slideshare. net/hemanthcrpatna/a-report-on-consumer-behaviour-in-nike 3 A review of competition The rivalry among competitors is quite high for the industry. Nike, Adidas and Puma have grown at a remarkable rate, each offering more choices, more innovations and new trends. Marketing has performed very aggressively by sponsoring different teams and social responsibilities. Main competitors of Nike are Adidas with income for 2008 39  890 bnl and Puma with income for the same period 13  883 bnl. Nike currently is standing in second place with just over 19  248 bnl. Trade register 2007) Market positions and strategies for product quality, pricing, distribution and promotion Adidas Adidas manufactures running shoes, football boots, most famous for the Predator range, basketball Pro Model shoes. In addition Adidas makes sport apparel for tennis, rugby, football, lacrosse and separate line for gymnastics. Adidas has followed the steps of Puma and has entered the lifestyle market by offering deodorants, aftershaves, perfumes and watches. Adidas is a well known brand. Main customers are similar to Nike are athletes and sport enthusiasts. The brand appeals to both men and women and even children. Age group is between 15-35 years. Strength of Adidas include: competitive pricing, effective marketing strategy (sponsorship), market leadership (rivals Nike and Puma for local market), strong online presence (internet site facebook page and linkedin), strong distribution chain (outlets and malls – Sofia, Serdica, Tsarigradsko shousse, City, main distributer – Elmec Bulgaria), partner with leading teams – Ludogorec and Litex Weaknesses of Adidas: high cost structure, over pricing, warranty of products (only 6 months vs. Nike 1 year), no prominent local sport star advertising for brand http://bg-bg. facebook. com/pages/Adidas-Bulgaria/179106108842362 http://bg. linkedin. com/pub/dir/Atanas/Temelkov Puma Currently Puma runs in third on the local market versus Adidas and Nike. It has a different approach towards the market. Long term mission is to be the most desirable sports lifestyle brand. Thus, offering different segmentation ranging from sports (soccer, running, golf, sailing, motorsport), sport fashion (alliance with: the black label, Alexander McQueen, Yasuhiro Mhara, Rudolf Dassler) and sport lifestyle (watches, fragrances, eye-ware). Strength of Puma: fashionable brand, credible reputation, diversification, sponsoring FT Slavia, Chernomorets and Lokomotiv Sofia. Weaknesses of Puma: innovation follower, lack of market share http://www. slideshare. net/rwbcapel/pumafinal II. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Microeconomic situation is steadily favorable. Nike continues to increase the number of representative stores in key places in the major cities. Puma and Addidas, the major competitors are fighting intensively for the piece of the pie. Entering of substitute goods on the current market is a treat for the increase of sales. Factors, which determine the demand for the Nike products are their price, revenue of the consumer, substitute goods, taste of the consumer and advertising. Increasing of raw materials might decrease sales for the products. Same goes if there is presence of substitute goods or similar products. Sports Equipment retail sales in Bulgaria increased at a compound annual growth rate of 8. 7% between 2003 and 2008. Ball sports equipment sales led the sports equipment market with a share of 38. 3% in 2008. Other specialists were the leading retail format for ball sports equipment in 2008 Datamonitor (2010). Opportunities †¢ Athletic shoes and apparel have become a must for all consumers worldwide. This is due to both the increasing numbers of people exercising and the trend towards casual apparel. †¢ Competition is fierce at all levels in within the industry, especially among the leaders. This creates a sense of security for the companies that have been able to create a niche. †¢ Cost cutting due to restructuring of operations will give many companies the chance to price products more competitively. †¢ One area in the industry that is ever changing is research and development. The strong departments will surely capitalize on the trends of tomorrow if their efforts are successful. †¢ E-tailing, or customer-designed internet stores, is threatening the traditional distribution channels, thus excluding intermediates and allowing for increasing profitability. Threats †¢ The industry has reached a level of maturity. While style and technology in athletic apparel and footwear has reached a leveling-off point, the important aspect now is for companies to differentiate their lines. †¢ Inflation is reaching higher levels over the Bulgarian economy, which may decrease in consumer spending. †¢ Consumers are becoming savvier and may lean towards discounted items or look for substitutes. In terms of market saturation, many of the key manufacturers in this industry have been around for many years. Consumers may be scanning the market for new and different footwear and apparel products. III. Marketing Objectives and Issues Providing best quality and ba lanced priced shoes range and apparel to the customer with a special focus on the big cities like Sofia, Varna, Bourgas. Another objective is to make available the product to as many marketable stations as possible. In addition to focus on all types of customers including old aged, young men and women and children as well. †¢ Have strong representation at local and international major sporting events. Advertising at Local Football Cup in addition Champions and Europe League, Tennis tournament Zagorka Master, Volleyball Champions League and local Playoffs, local Golf tournaments – Black Sea Rama, . †¢ Maintain Brand associations with major sport stars – Grigor Dimitrov, Tzvetana Pironkova and Dimitar Berbatov †¢ Effective use of Corporate Event Sponsorships. ie. , Nike Tour Golf †¢ Develop a website solely dedicated to the Nike brand. Nike has multiple websites all integrated by Nike. com †¢ Use Nike brand loyalty to increase sales. †¢ Create a product image that differentiates from the competition. Swoosh become way of life. †¢ Increase product awareness through using an ntegrated marketing approach – 30 second TV spots, Full page magazine advertising, Varying sized billboards Competition is stiff and already has good background on the local market. Key issues that might affect the attainment of the marketing objectives is for com petitors to foresee and adapt to current environment prior to Nike and approach key sport stars and use corporate event sponsorships for their brand awareness. Competitors will definitely follow Nike in its conquest for taking market share and probably use similar methods for generating more customers. Depend in large part on first mover and economy of scale. IV. Marketing Strategy Nike hopes to create customer value and relationships by identifying three key to success strategies that they believe will be instrumental in reaching sustainable profitability. The first  is the necessity to meet the customer's needs by offering the most comprehensive selection and knowledgeable staff. The second key to success strategy is  the need to monitor the competitive environment in an effort to ensure differentiation. And the third need is to create venues and environments for open dialogue and multitude of perspectives. This can be accomplished through proper product, pricing and promotion decisions. Product strategy: several lines of athletic shoes and apparel, diverse product mix consisting of athletic shoes apparel and equipment. Pricing strategy: product skimming strategy and product line pricing. Promotion strategy: advertising (repeat messages at low cost), direct marketing (through e-shop) and public relations (sponsorship of FT Levski). http://www. bplans. com/sports_clothing_retail_shop_business_plan/executive_summary_fc. php#ixzz1ioAOO2X2 V. Conclusion In this industry there is an intense competition, fashion trends and price sensitive consumers that have slowed the growth of this industry. Financially speaking the companies must be aware the economy is slowing and it should keep its revenues high and costs low. Internet is a huge perspective for Nike in Bulgaria, as the service is gaining more popularity than ever and it must keep user friendly apps to generate more customers than the competition. The well know formula to do this is to keep site simple and user friendly. By offering great deal and various promotions through online channels there is a potential to bring more customers and consequently more revenue and improve relationship with its clients. On the other hand involving in different events, sponsorship and tournaments could shine the brand picture and gain positive trend toward the competition. Brand awareness will be retaliated and will give competitive advantage, thus gaining more market share in the long run. REFERENCE 1. (www. footlocker. com/searchresults/keyword:nike+air+max/) 2. 2010 Form 10-K, Nike, Inc.. // United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 3. http://bg. linkedin. com/pub/dir/Atanas/Temelkov 4. http://bg-bg. facebook. com/pages/Adidas-Bulgaria/179106108842362 5. ttp://condor. depaul. edu/aalmaney/StrategicAnalysisofNike. htm 6. http://help-us. nike. com/app/answers/detail/a_id/20727 7. http://nikeid. nike. com/nikeid/index. jsp#home 8. http://www. hktdc. com/info/mi/a/imn/en/1X06BN12/1/International-Market-News/B ulgarian-Sports-Market-Limbers-Up. htm 9. http://www. marktforschung. de/studien-shop/marktdaten/sports-equipment-sales-via-key-retail-formats-in-bulgaria-to-2013-33721/? xtypocommerce%5Bcat%5D= 10. http://www. nikebiz. com/crreport/content/strategy/2-1-5-on-the-horizon. php? cat=cr-strategy 11. http://www. slideshare. net/hemanthcrpatna/a-report-on-consumer-behaviour-in-nike 12. http://www. slideshare. et/rwbcapel/pumafinal 13. Kotler, P. , Wong, P. , Sounders, J. & Armstrong, G. (2005). Principles of Marketing (4th European ed. ). 14. Latest materials improve sportswear performance†. ICIS Chemical Business. http://www. icis. com/Articles/2008/08/04/9144388/latest-materials-improve-sportswear-performance. html. Retrieved 2008-10-14. 15. Ministry of Physical Education And Sport (2011). National plan for development of physical education and sport 2011-2020. Retrieved on November 24,2011, from http://mpes. government. bg/Documents/Documents/Strategii/Strategia_2011-2020. pdf 16 . National Statistical Institute (2011), Population census in the Republic of Bulgaria, Retrieved on November 26, 2011, from National Statistical Institute website: http://www. nsi. bg/census2011/pageen2. php? p2=179 17. Nike 2010 Annual Report  : 18. Nikebiz  : Company Overview  : History  : 1960s, 19. Peters, Jeremy W. (August 19, 2009). â€Å"The Birth of ‘Just Do It' and Other Magic Words†. The New York Times. http://www. nytimes. com/2009/08/20/business/media/20adco. html? _r=3&ref=business. Retrieved 2009-09-30. 20. Principles of Marketing, Kotler and Armstrong, 14th edition (2011) 21. Registry agency (2007), Commercial register, Retrieved on December 23, 2011, from https://public. brra. bg/CheckUps/Verifications/VerificationPersonOrg. ra 22. www. nike. com